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Charles Darwin's exploration of the Galápagos Islands in 1835 and his subsequent formulation of the theory of evolution in 1839 were significantly influenced by his observations of land-birds, including finches, larks, owls, and mockingthrushes. Despite a primary focus on geology during his voyage o…
A historical and conceptual review traces how evolutionary theory has expanded from classical selection to modern syntheses incorporating development, epigenetics, and systems thinking. Implications for research and science communication are discussed.